Vitamin B4(Choline)

Choline, also referred to as vitamin B4, is considered an essential vitamin-like substance for dogs and cats. It is soluble in water and often included with B vitamin supplement mixtures. Most animals are able to synthesise some choline endogenously during degradation of phospholipids in the liver. Free choline is released during metabolism of phosphotidylcholine and sphingomyelin, which can then be reincorporated into a new phospholipid or used as choline or the choline metabolite, betaine.